31P NMR 2D nanomaterials TIO2 Electronic structure Buffer layer Silicon E171 Active layers Surface morphology Planar heterojunctions 4-ethylenedioxythiophene Characterization Ftouhi Cattin CIGSe Alkali fluoride postdeposition treatments Atomic force microscopy Aluminum phthalocyanine chloride Amorphous silica Alpha-sexithiophene Molybdenum oxide H Reverse bias Photoluminescence Anatase colloidal solution for printing Ambipolar material Anode buffer layer M Buffer layers Aluminum-doped zinc oxide J-C X-ray diffraction ALPHA-AMYLASE Organic solar cells Solar cells Lamkaouane CIGS Arzel Electropolymerization Alternative module structure Anatase A Interfaces Anode ATR-FTIR Fill factor Ambipolar organic layer Electrical properties CuIn A Thin films BaTiO3 BTO Copper indium gallium selenide Solar cell Thin film Titanium dioxide Absorption spectroscopy GaSe2 Alkali Sodium Absorption Back contact Addou Organic photovoltaic cells Ambipolarity Planar heterojunction Photoemission spectroscopy Raman Synthesis ADDITIVE E171 4-propylenedioxythiophene 4-ethylenedioxypyrrole 34-propylenedioxypiyrrole Partial shading A Interfaces Photovoltaics A Fullerenes L Analogue Alternative buffers Thin-film solar cells PVD N-doping Bernède Organic solar cell XPS Aminofluorene thiophene derivatives Molybdenum trioxide ADSORPTION Thin films Aqueous colloidal solution Adsorption Aniline and thiophene derivatives Epitaxy Tandem solar cells Actinide conditioning Nanoparticles ABSORPTION B Vapour deposition ITO free electrode