Riding on the machines that changed the world, industry has undergone numerous revolutions—from the initial steam-engine-powered machines to the advent of electricity in industrial processes for mass production; then the automated machines, which involved advanced electronics and information technologies in automating the production process; and today, the fourth Industrial Revolution (Industry 4.0) which integrates smart machines with digital technologies to maximize industrial productivity. Considering the seminal report on ‘Our Common Future’ as a corporate sustainability reference, the common revolutions have also appeared in manufacturing. This ranges from the traditional substitution-based manufacturing to the advent of lean manufacturing for reducing waste and creating value in production processes, which is being followed with green manufacturing, which involves the 3R (reduce, reuse, and recycle) concept in greening product supply chains, and, today, sustainable manufacturing, which takes sustainability issues into three interrelated compartments—product, process, and system—using a broader innovation-based 6R methodology to not only meet the 3Rs but also to remanufacture, redesign, and recover the products over multiple life cycles. There are many significant efforts to develop sustainability in the manufacturing industry; however, the development is generally traced by compartmentalizing the manufacturing’s integral elements (i.e., products, processes, and systems), which requires (1) a paradigm shift from single life cycle, open loop to multiple life cycle, closed loop at the product level; (2) the optimization of technological advancements and process planning to reduce energy and resource intake, toxic wastes, and occupational hazards, and to improve product life via the manipulation of process-driven surface integrity at the process level; and (3) the integration of the entire supply chain, from the major life-cycle stages to the multiple life cycles at the system level. It is contended that Industry 4.0 and its enabling technologies and principles give the unique opportunity to move towards this end. This Special Issue is aimed at presenting contemporary advances in Industry 4.0 technologies and theories for manufacturing sustainability. It intends to cover the biocomplexity of the environment and associated technological challenges facing the needs of society for economic growth and prosperity as applied to the design and manufacturing of discrete products. We hereby invite authors to submit original research and critical review articles developing sustainability into Industry 4.0 technologies and theories throughout all levels of manufacturing—from pre-manufacturing, manufacturing, and use through post-use stages in the life cycle—to enable a shift in the manufacturing context towards a more sustainability-based state. Link: https://www.mdpi.com/si/108260